Roman Republic AR Denarius(3.88g), Appius Claudius, T Manlius Mancinus(or T Malloleius or Mallius), Q Urbinius, 111 or 110 B.C., Rome mint. Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, quadrangular device. Border of dots / Victory in triga right, holding reins in both hands; in exergue, AP CL T [MANL](or [MAL]) Q [VR]. Border of dots. Crawford 299/1a; Sydenham 570; BMCRR Rome 1290
The legend on the reverse of this type is something that has caused consternation among collectors for over a century. Most modern collectors believe this issue to have been struck by three moneyers working together: Appius Claudius, T. Manlius(or Malloleius or Mallius) and Q. Urbinius, either in 111 or 110 B.C., but there has always been some debate. Some sources like Greuber(BMCRR) interpret the "Q [VR]" at the end of the legend as "Quaestores Urbani" but Crawford rightfully points out that only one Quaestor Urbanus was in charge of the Aerarium at this time and the 17th century Italian antiquarian Count Borghesi pointed out that both the imagery of the three horses and the device on the obverse, with a circle inscribed within a triangle, suggest three moneyers instead of two quaestors.
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